Submarine groundwater discharge impacts on coastal nutrient biogeochemistry

Santos，Isaac R.1,2; Chen，Xiaogang3; Lecher，Alanna L.4; Sawyer，Audrey H.5; Moosdorf，Nils6,7; Rodellas，Valentí8; Tamborski，Joseph9; Cho，Hyung Mi10; Dimova，Natasha11; Sugimoto，Ryo12; Bonaglia，Stefano1; Li，Hailong13; Hajati，Mithra Christin6; Li，Ling3

2021-05-01

10.1038/s43017-021-00152-0

Nature Reviews Earth and Environment   Impact Factor & Quartile

2662-138X

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) links terrestrial and marine systems, but has often been overlooked in coastal nutrient budgets because it is difficult to quantify. In this Review, we examine SGD nutrient fluxes in over 200 locations globally, explain their impact on biogeochemistry and discuss broader management implications. SGD nutrient fluxes exceed river inputs in ~60% of study sites, with median total SGD fluxes of 6.0 mmol m per day for dissolved inorganic nitrogen, 0.1 mmol m per day for dissolved inorganic phosphorus and 6.5 mmol m per day for dissolved silicate. SGD nitrogen input (mostly in the form of ammonium and dissolved organic nitrogen) often mitigates nitrogen limitation in coastal waters, since SGD tends to have high nitrogen concentrations relative to phosphorus (76% of studies showed N:P values above the Redfield ratio). It is notable that most investigations do not distinguish saline and fresh SGD, although they have different properties. Saline SGD is a ubiquitous, diffuse pathway releasing mostly recycled nutrients to global coastal waters, whereas fresh SGD is occasionally a local, point source of new nutrients. SGD-derived nutrient fluxes must be considered in water quality management plans, as these inputs can promote eutrophication if not properly managed.

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English

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WOS:000651482700005

2-s2.0-85104749948

Scopus

1.Department of Marine Sciences,University of Gothenburg,Gothenburg,Sweden
2.National Marine Science Centre,Southern Cross University,Coffs Harbour,Australia
3.Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province,School of Engineering,Westlake University,Hangzhou,China
4.Department of Natural and Applied Sciences,Lynn University,Boca Raton,United States
5.School of Earth Sciences,The Ohio State University,Columbus,United States
6.Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT),Bremen,Germany
7.Institute of Geosciences,University of Kiel,Kiel,Germany
8.Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona,Bellaterra,Spain
9.Department of Ocean & Earth Sciences,Old Dominion University,Norfolk,United States
10.Department of Ocean Sciences,Inha University,Incheon,South Korea
11.Department of Geological Sciences,University of Alabama,Tuscaloosa,United States
12.Research Center for Marine Bioresources,Fukui Prefectural University,Fukui,Japan
13.State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control,School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China

Santos，Isaac R.,Chen，Xiaogang,Lecher，Alanna L.,et al. Submarine groundwater discharge impacts on coastal nutrient biogeochemistry[J]. Nature Reviews Earth and Environment,2021,2(5):307-323.

Santos，Isaac R..,Chen，Xiaogang.,Lecher，Alanna L..,Sawyer，Audrey H..,Moosdorf，Nils.,...&Li，Ling.(2021).Submarine groundwater discharge impacts on coastal nutrient biogeochemistry.Nature Reviews Earth and Environment,2(5),307-323.

Santos，Isaac R.,et al."Submarine groundwater discharge impacts on coastal nutrient biogeochemistry".Nature Reviews Earth and Environment 2.5(2021):307-323.