南方科技大学知识苑(SUSTech KC): 基于平面波发生器的天线阵列幅相校准方法研究

Title	基于平面波发生器的天线阵列幅相校准方法研究
Alternative Title	RESEARCH ON AMPLITUDE AND PHASE CALIBRATION METHOD OF ANTENNA ARRAY BASED ON PLANE WAVE GENERATOR
Author	刘佳新
Name pinyin	LIU Jiaxin
School number	12032232
Degree	硕士
Discipline	0856 材料与化工
Subject category of dissertation	0856 材料与化工
Supervisor	程庆沙
Mentor unit	电子与电气工程系
Tutor of External Organizations	龚志双
Tutor units of foreign institutions	华为技术有限公司
Publication Years	2022-04-28
Submission date	2022-06-29
University	南方科技大学
Place of Publication	深圳
Abstract	由于加工误差等因素影响，天线阵列各通道信号幅度和相位会发生失准，需要测量各通道以获得幅相信息进行校准。空口测试（Over-the-Air，OTA）作为一种测量天线通道信号幅相信息的方式，一直以来受到了国内外广泛的研究。OTA 测试方法分为多种，其中一种是基于平面波发生器的近场测试方法。设计平面波发生器可产生“静区”，测试时将待测天线置于静区内测量幅相信。由于此方法能在小型暗室中实现高精度测试，并且具有低成本等优势，从而在大型 MIMO（Multi-Input Multi-Output）基站天线，特别是Sub-6GHz 频段的天线测试中受到广泛的关注。但是基于平面波发生器的近场测试方法存在两点困难。首先，在小型暗室中，静区外围常常会引入较高的辐射信号，从而导致高反射率，这将对静区平坦度产生极大的影响。其次，近场测试系统的频率鲁棒性通常较差，需要进行仿真和实验考察。在本论文研究中，我们设计了一种双极化天线单元，能够在较大的波束宽度范围（≥60°）内发射和接收±45°的两种极化波，可用于组成 5G 天线阵列进行信号传输和测试。我们实现了对静区采样的 LSM（Least Square Method）方法来合成平面波发生器的静区。为了提高静区平坦度，我们提出了改进的 LSM 方法，扩大了采样区域，并且对采样区域进行分域处理以便于参数化设计。该方法实现了静区的高平坦度，并且降低了静区外围的高反射。我们通过仿真实验分析得出，这种设计获得了一个静区外围区域反射率低至-15dB、幅度波动小于 0.18dB、相位波动小于 2°的较为理想的平面波区域，并且具有一定的测试系统频率鲁棒性。我们在 3.45GHz~3.55GHz 频段内分别进行了近场和远场实测。利用本论文所提出方法设计的平面波发生器对待测天线各通道的幅相信息进行测量，将其与 10m 远场测试方法进行比较。从测试结果可知，两种方法在幅度、相位、频率鲁棒性上具有一致性，从而验证了本论文方法的可行性。本论文提出的基于平面波发生器的方法可以对小型暗室中的 5G 基站天线进行大规模快速测试和幅相校准，具有重要的工程实践意义。
Keywords	OTA 近场测试小型暗室平面波发生器激励系数优化算法幅相校准
Language	Chinese
Training classes	独立培养
Enrollment Year	2020
Year of Degree Awarded	2022-06
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Academic Degree Assessment Sub committee	电子与电气工程系
Domestic book classification number	TN82
Data Source	人工提交
Document Type	Thesis
Identifier	http://kc.sustech.edu.cn/handle/2SGJ60CL/343145
Department	Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Recommended Citation GB/T 7714	刘佳新. 基于平面波发生器的天线阵列幅相校准方法研究[D]. 深圳. 南方科技大学,2022.

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