基于可编程摩擦电原理的自供能神经电刺激器

Over the past decades, triboelectric nanogenerators have not only been widely used in healthcare and wearable electronics with far-reaching impact, but have also showed the potential as a waveform generator and power in implantable electrical stimulation systems. 

Based on the principle of programmable triboelectric nanogenerators, we proposed a self-powered nerve stimulator, which can achieve higher voltage output through simple shaking, even using the same dielectric material as the friction layers. Different from the traditional theory, no contact friction is required, whicg can minimize the energy loss of the device on friction, lower the energy threshold required to drive the device and improve the energy conversion efficiency. Theoretically, the charge can be infinitely multiplied on the specific electrodes, and there is no limit to the energy output. In the test, the output is multiplied as we shake the device, however, it will be mainly limited by the dielectric breakdown voltage between the plates. So we improved the device, in the mechanical structure, we divided the number of electrode groups, reduced the shaking angle and stacked electrodes; in material selection, we implored how the thickness and type of dielectric material affect the output capability. Finally, the self-powered nerve stimulator was applied in the rat sciatic nerve stimulation, which can easily realize the electrical stimulation of the rat sciatic nerve under different frequency of shaking.

The self-powered nerve stimulator based on the principle of programmable triboelectric nanogenerators can realize pulse voltage output of ~kV level by shaking. Further reducing the size and biocompatible packaging, it can become an implantable self-powered medical electronics. It has a good prospect in self- powered, portable nanogenerators and nerve stimulators due to its high frequency, easy operation, high voltage, and easy portability.

[1] Emerging Implantable Energy Harvesters and Self-Powered Implantable Medical Electronics[J]. ACS Nano, 2020, 14(6):6436-6448.3
[2] Frfa B , Zqt B , Zhong L . Flexible triboelectric generator[J]. Nano Energy, 2012, 1(2):328-334.
[3] Niu S , Wang Z L. Theoretical systems of triboelectric nanogenerators[J]. Nano Energy, 2015, 14:161-192.
[4] Gibney E . The inside story on wearable electronics[J]. Nature, 2015, 528(7580):26- 28.
[5] Zhang Y , Castro D C , Han Y , et al. Battery-free, lightweight, injectable microsystem for in vivo wireless pharmacology and optogenetics[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2019, 116(43):201909850.
[6] Hinchet R , Kim S W . Wearable and Implantable Mechanical Energy Harvesters for Self-Powered Biomedical Systems[J]. Acs Nano, 2015, 9( 8):7742-7745.
[7] Dagdeviren, Canan, Zhou, et al. Energy Harvesting from the Animal/Human Body for Self-Powered Electronics.[J]. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, 2017.
[8] Mahmud M , Huda N , Farjana S H , et al. Recent Advances in Nanogenerator‐Driven Self‐Powered Implantable Biomedical Devices[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2018, 8(2):1701210.
[9] Xiao X , Xia H Q , Wu R , et al. Tackling the Challenges of Enzymatic (Bio)Fuel Cells[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2019, 119(16).
[10] Steiger C , Abramson A , Nadeau P , et al. Ingestible electronics for diagnostics and therapy[J]. Nature Materials, 2018.
[11] Zhou M , Al-Furjan M , Zou J , et al. A review on heat and mechanical energy harvesting from human – Principles, prototypes and perspectives[J]. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018:S1364032117314776.
[12] Shi B , Li Z , Fan Y . Implantable Energy‐Harvesting Devices[J]. Advanced Materials, 2018, 30(44):-.
[13] Parsonnet V . A cardiacpacemaker using biological energy source[J]. T.a.s.a.i.o, 1964, 9.
[14] Cinquin P , Gondran C , Giroud F , et al. A glucose biofuel cell implanted in rats.[J]. PLoS ONE, 2010, 5(5):e10476.
[15] In Vivo Self-Powered Wireless Cardiac Monitoring via Implantable Triboelectric Nanogenerator[J]. ACS Nano, 2016, 10(7):6510-6518.
[16] 张涵奇, 孙德强, 郑军卫,等. 世界工业革命与能源革命更替规律及对我国能源发 62参考文献 展的启示[J]. 中国能源, 2015.
[17]邹才能, 赵群, 张国生,等. 能源革命:从化石能源到新能源[J]. 天然气工业, 2016, 36(1):10.
[18] Niu S , Wang S , Long L , et al. Theoretical Study of the Contact-Mode Triboelectric Nanogenerators as Effective Power Source[J]. Energy Environ, 2013, 6(12):Accepted Manuscript.
[19] Mallineni S , Behlow H , Dong Y , et al. Facile and robust triboelectric nanogenerators assembled using off-the-shelf materials[J]. Nano Energy, 2017, 35:263-270.
[20] Wang S , Lin L , Xie Y , et al. Sliding-Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on In- Plane Charge-Separation Mechanism[J]. Nano Letters, 2013
[21] Zhong L W , Long L , Chen J , et al. Triboelectric Nanogenerator: Lateral Sliding Mode[J]. Springer International Publishing, 2016.
[22] Simiao, Ying, Chen, et al. Theory of freestanding triboelectric-layer-based nanogenerators.
[23] Wang S , Lin L , Wang Z L . Nanoscale triboelectric-effect-enabled energy conversion for sustainably powering portable electronics.[J]. Nano Letters, 2012, 12(12):6339-6346.
[24] Zhu G , Pan C , Guo W , et al. Triboelectric-Generator-Driven Pulse Electrodeposition for Micropatterning[J]. Nano Letters, 2012, 12(9):4960-4965.
[25] Yang Y , Zhang H , Chen J , et al. Single-Electrode-Based Sliding Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Self-Powered Displacement Vector Sensor System[J]. Acs Nano, 2013, 7(8):7342-7351.
[26] Niu S , Ying L , Wang S , et al. Theoretical Investigation and Structural Optimization of Single ‐Electrode Triboelectric Nanogenerators[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2014, 24(22):3332-3340.
[27] Chen, Jing, Wang, 等 . Linear-grating triboelectric generator based on sliding electrification.
[28] Zhong L , Acw B . On the origin of contact-electrification[J]. Materials Today, 2019, 30.
[29] Zhong, Lin, Wang. On Maxwell's displacement current for energy and sensors: the origin of nanogenerators[J]. Materials Today, 2017.
[30] Wang Z L . On the first principle theory of nanogenerators from Maxwell's equations[J]. Nano Energy, 2019, 68:104272.
[31] T Xiao, TW Kim, J Shao, et al. Studying about applied force and the output performance of sliding-mode triboelectric nanogenerators.
[32] Zou Y , Xu J , Fang Y , et al. A hand-driven portable triboelectric nanogenerator using whirligig spinning dynamics[J]. Nano Energy, 2021, 83:105845. 63
[33] Wu H , Wang Z , Y Zi. Multi ‐ Mode Water ‐ Tube ‐ Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator Designed for Low ‐ Frequency Energy Harvesting with Ultrahigh Volumetric Charge Density[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2021.
[34] Le C D , Vo C P , Nguyen T H , et al. Liquid-solid contact electrification based on discontinuous-conduction triboelectric nanogenerator induced by radially symmetrical structure - ScienceDirect[J]. Nano Energy, 2020, 80.
[35] Lin S , Xu L , Wang A C , et al. Quantifying electron-transfer in liquid-solid contact electrification and the formation of electric double-layer[J]. Nature Communications, 2020, 11(1):399.
[36] Cheng P , H Guo, Wen Z , et al. Largely enhanced triboelectric nanogenerator for efficient harvesting of water wave energy by soft contacted structure[J]. Nano Energy, 2018.
[37] Kim J , Lee M , Shim H J , et al. Stretchable silicon nanoribbon electronics for skin prosthesis[J]. Nature Communications, 2013, 5:5747.
[38] Lim C , Y Shin, Jung J , et al. Stretchable conductive nanocomposite based on alginate hydrogel and silver nanowires for wearable electronics[J]. APL Materials, 2019, 7(3).
[39] Choi J , Bandodkar A J , Reeder J T , et al. Soft, Skin-Integrated Multifunctional Microfluidic Systems for Accurate Colorimetric Analysis of Sweat Biomarkers and Temperature[J]. Acs Sensors, 2019.
[40] Zheng, Qiang, Yang, et al. Self-Powered, One-Stop, and Multifunctional Implantable Triboelectric Active Sensor for Real-Time Biomedical Monitoring.
[41] Fu Y , Zhang M , Dai Y , et al. A self-powered brain multi-perception receptor for sensory-substitution application[J]. Nano energy, 2018, 44:43-52.
[42] Dai Y , Fu Y , Zeng H , et al. A Self‐Powered Brain‐Linked Vision Electronic‐ Skin Based on Triboelectric‐Photodetecing Pixel‐Addressable Matrix for Visual‐ Image Recognition and Behavior Intervention[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2018, 28(20):1800275.
[43] Sanghoon Lee, Hao Wang, Jiahui Wang, et al. Battery-free neuromodulator for peripheral nerve direct stimulation - ScienceDirect[J]. Nano Energy, 2018, 50:148- 158.
[44] Lee S , Wang H , Shi Q , et al. Development of battery-free neural interface and modulated control of tibialis anterior muscle via common peroneal nerve based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs)[J]. Nano Energy, 2017, 33(Complete):1-11.
[45] Hao, Wang, et al. Direct muscle stimulation using diode-amplified triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs)[J]. Nano Energy, 2019.
[46] Zhang X S , MD Han, Wang R X , et al. High-performance triboelectric nanogenerator with enhanced energy density based on single-step fluorocarbon plasma treatment[J]. Nano Energy, 2014, 4:123-131.
[47] Yao, G., Kang, L., Li, J., Long, Y., Wei, H., Ferreira, C.A., Jeffery, J.J., Lin, Y., Cai, W. and Wang, X., 2018. Effective weight control via an implanted self-powered vagus nerve stimulation device. Nature communications, 9(1), pp.1-10.
[48] Lee S , Wang H , Peh W , et al. Mechano-neuromodulation of autonomic pelvic nerve for underactive bladder: A triboelectric neurostimulator integrated with flexible neural clip interface[J]. Nano Energy, 2019, 60:449-456.
[49] Wang J , Wang H , He T , et al. Investigation of Low-current Direct Stimulation for Rehabilitation Treatment Related to Muscle Function Loss Using Self ㏄ owered TENG System[J]. Advanced Science, 2019, 6(14).
[50] Wang H , Zhu J , He T , et al. Programmed-triboelectric nanogenerators— A multi- switch regulation methodology for energy manipulation[J]. Nano Energy, 2020, 78:105241.
[51] Geddes L A , Bourland J D . The Strength-Duration Curve[J]. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering, 1985, 32(6):458-9.
[52] Saso, Jezernik, Manfred, et al. Energy-optimal electrical excitation of nerve fibers.[J]. IEEE Transactions on Bio Medical Engineering, 2005