给受体型近红外分子的合成及其光伏性能和生物诊疗研究

有机半导体材料具有分子结构丰富且易于调控、光电性能优异和生物相容性好等特点，使其成为当下的研究热点。有机半导体材料的性质直接取决于其分子结构，因此可通过分子结构修改实现其性能的调控，进而使其应用于不同的领域。其中，D- A 型有机半导体同时具有给电子（D）单元和吸电子（A）单元于结构中, 该特殊结构有利于提高其电荷迁移率。并且 D- A 作用使得分子内电荷转移效应（ICT）强，使得材料的光谱红移至近红外区。因此 D- A 型有机半导体适合应用于有机太阳能电池光活性层并且满足了生物诊疗剂开发应用的条件。本论文围绕 D- A 型有机半导体分子设计、合成以及应用开展工作，具体的研究工作有以下两个方面：
首先，设计以溴， 甲基不同位置取代的 1,1-二氰亚甲基- 3-茚满酮（IC） 为末端 A 基团，稠合的苯并噻二唑七元环（BTP）作为核心 D 单元合成三个同分异构体 BTP-(Br,Me)、BTP-( Br,Me)- 1 和 BTP-( Br,Me)- 2，并应用于有机光伏器件。溴原子引入降低了轨道能级和光学带隙，而甲基引入可以 略微上调能级从而提高开路电压（VO C ）。BTP-( Br,Me)- 1  在共混膜状态下结晶度最优， 并且增强了激子解离和电荷传输，提高了短路电流密度（J SC ） 和填充因子（FF），从而获得最高的光电转换效率 13.43%， 高于另外两个 分子 BTP-(Br,Me)  （11.92%）和 BTP-(Br,Me)-2  （11.08%）对应器件效率。这些结果表明， 端基取代基位置的轻微调整可以引起器件性能的变化。

其次，在上一体系的基础上，设计以溴，甲氧基取代的 IC 为末端基团， 烷基侧链长度不同的三个分子 BTP- EH-( Br,OMe)、BTP- BO-( Br,OMe)、BTP- HD-( Br,OMe)。OMe 基团的引入进一步打破了分子间的聚集，使得荧光强度增加， 而增加烷基链长度， 纳米粒子可以获得更高的光热转换能力。用生物相容性良好的 BTP- HD-( Br,OMe)分子与 DSPE- PEG 共沉淀制备的纳米粒子注射入小鼠体内，表现出良好的肿瘤成像能力与消融能力。

综上所述，通过对有机半导体分子结构的调节，可以实现对分子间堆积、相互作用力的调控， 得到不同的光谱、电荷迁移率、光热转换效率等， 从而使得有机半导体材料能够有效应用于有机太阳能电池和生物诊疗领域。

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