Mineralogical Characteristics of Biotite and Chlorite in Zuluhong Polymetallic Deposit: Implications for Petrogenesis and Paragenesis Mechanisms of the Tungsten and Copper

Cao，Rui1,2; Chen，De Fan2; Gu，Hao Dong3; Chen，Bin4; Yan，Sheng Chao5

2022-10-01

10.3390/min12101280

Minerals   Impact Factor & Quartile

2075-163X

The Zuluhong quartz-vein-type polymetallic deposit, located in the Alatau area of Western Tianshan, China, is a particular and typical tungsten deposit associated with copper. This paper presents major and trace element analyses of magmatic and altered (i.e, chloritized) biotite from the deposit, in order to identify the source of the magmas and characterize the mineralization physical-chemical condition. Magmatic biotite is Fe-rich and has high Rb/Ba ratios (0.27–9.14), indicative of extensive differentiation of granite. Moreover, magmatic biotite has total rare earth element (∑REE) contents that are 5–10% of the whole-rock contents, shows slight light REE depletion, and negative Ce anomalies. Magmatic biotite is enriched in some large-ion lithophile elements (LILE; e.g., Rb and K) and depleted in some high-field-strength elements (HFSE; e.g., Th and Nb). These geochemical features, coupled with geological evidence, indicate that the Zuluhong intrusion is a highly fractionated I-type granite derived from lower crustal melting. During ore formation, magmatic biotite was partially to totally altered to chlorite due to interaction with ore-forming fluids. The temperature and oxygen fugacity decreased during alteration. The mineralization in the Zuluhong polymetallic deposit can be divided into at least two stages. In the early stage, quartz-vein-type wolframite mineralization formed from Si- and volatile-rich fluids that were derived from fractionated granitic magma. In the later stage, W–Cu ores formed as metal sulfides were dominated by chalcopyrite. The later ore-forming fluids experienced a decrease in temperature and oxygen fugacity as they reacted (i.e, chloritization and lesser silicification) with reducing wall rocks around the contact zone of the intrusion.

biotite highly fractionated I-type granite oxygen fugacity W–Cu mineralization Zuluhong

SCI

English

Others

National Natural Science Foundation of China[U21A2015];

WOS:000873098200001

2-s2.0-85140923171

Scopus

1.State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu,610059,China
2.College of Earth Science,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu,610059,China
3.State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan,430074,China
4.Department of Earth and Space Sciences,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,518055,China
5.State Kay Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100029,China

Cao，Rui,Chen，De Fan,Gu，Hao Dong,et al. Mineralogical Characteristics of Biotite and Chlorite in Zuluhong Polymetallic Deposit: Implications for Petrogenesis and Paragenesis Mechanisms of the Tungsten and Copper[J]. Minerals,2022,12(10).

Cao，Rui,Chen，De Fan,Gu，Hao Dong,Chen，Bin,&Yan，Sheng Chao.(2022).Mineralogical Characteristics of Biotite and Chlorite in Zuluhong Polymetallic Deposit: Implications for Petrogenesis and Paragenesis Mechanisms of the Tungsten and Copper.Minerals,12(10).

Cao，Rui,et al."Mineralogical Characteristics of Biotite and Chlorite in Zuluhong Polymetallic Deposit: Implications for Petrogenesis and Paragenesis Mechanisms of the Tungsten and Copper".Minerals 12.10(2022).