Sex Differences in Associations Between Socioeconomic Status and Incident Hypertension Among Chinese Adults

Ma, Han1; Liu, Fangchao1; Li, Jianxin1; Chen, Jichun1; Cao, Jie1; Chen, Shufeng1; Liu, Xiaoqing2; Yang, Xueli3; Huang, Keyong1; Shen, Chong4; Yu, Ling5; Zhao, Yingxin6; Wu, Xianping7; Zhao, Liancheng1; Li, Ying1; Hu, Dongsheng8,9; Huang, Jianfeng1; Lu, Xiangfeng1; Gu, Dongfeng1,10

2023-04-01

10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.20061

HYPERTENSION   Impact Factor & Quartile

0194-911X

1524-4563

Background:With rapid socioeconomic development and transition, associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and hypertension remained uncertain in China. We aimed to examine the health effects of SES on hypertension incidence and explore the sex differences among Chinese adults. Methods:We included 53 891 participants without hypertension from the China-PAR (Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China) project. SES was evaluated by education level, occupation prestige, and household monthly per capita income, and categorized into low, medium, and high groups. Hazard ratios and their 95% CIs were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results:Compared with high SES, participants with medium SES (hazard ratio, 1.142 [95% CI, 1.068-1.220]) or low SES (hazard ratio, 1.166 [95% CI, 1.096-1.241]) had increased risks of incident hypertension in multivariate analyses. Interactions between SES and sex on hypertension were observed, with more pronounced adverse effects of lower SES among women. The corresponding hazard ratios (95% CIs) for low SES group were 1.270 (1.155-1.397) for women and 1.086 (0.999-1.181) for men. Effects of occupation prestige on hypertension were the strongest among SES factors. Conclusions:Our study provided the compelling evidence from China that lower SES was associated with incident hypertension and women were more susceptible. These findings will have substantial implications on future hypertension prevention and management, especially among women. Sex-specific approaches are warranted to reduce socioeconomic disparities.

adult blood pressure cardiovascular diseases China hypertension

SCI

English

Corresponding

Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences["2021-I2M-1-010","2017-I2M-1-004","2019-I2M-2-003"] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China["82030102","12126602"] ; National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding["2022-GSP-GG-1","2022-GSP-GG-2"] ; National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)[NCRC2020006] ; National Key Research and Development Program of China["2017YFC0211703","2018YFE0115300"]

Cardiovascular System & Cardiology

Peripheral Vascular Disease

WOS:000950328200014

LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS

CLINICAL MEDICINE

Web of Science

1.Chinese Acad Med Sci & Peking Union Med Coll, Dept Epidemiol, Key Lab Cardiovasc Epidemiol, State Key Lab Cardiovasc Dis,Fuwai Hosp,Natl Ctr C, 167 Beilishi Rd, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China
2.Guangdong Prov Peoples Hosp & Cardiovasc Inst, Div Epidemiol, Guangzhou, Peoples R China
3.Tianjin Med Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Tianjin, Peoples R China
4.Nanjing Med Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Nanjing, Peoples R China
5.Fujian Prov Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Fuzhou, Peoples R China
6.Shandong Acad Med Sci, Inst Basic Med, Cardiocerebrovasc Control & Res Ctr, Jinan, Peoples R China
7.Sichuan Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Chron & Noncommunicable Dis Control & Prevent, Chengdu, Peoples R China
8.Zhengzhou Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Stat, Zhengzhou, Peoples R China
9.Shenzhen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Hlth Sci Ctr, Shenzhen, Peoples R China
10.Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Publ Hlth & Emergency Management, Sch Med, Shenzhen, Peoples R China

Ma, Han,Liu, Fangchao,Li, Jianxin,et al. Sex Differences in Associations Between Socioeconomic Status and Incident Hypertension Among Chinese Adults[J]. HYPERTENSION,2023,80(4).

Ma, Han.,Liu, Fangchao.,Li, Jianxin.,Chen, Jichun.,Cao, Jie.,...&Gu, Dongfeng.(2023).Sex Differences in Associations Between Socioeconomic Status and Incident Hypertension Among Chinese Adults.HYPERTENSION,80(4).

Ma, Han,et al."Sex Differences in Associations Between Socioeconomic Status and Incident Hypertension Among Chinese Adults".HYPERTENSION 80.4(2023).