A rare case of severe leptospirosis infection presenting as septic shock in a non-endemic area: a case report and literature review

Dai，Junjie1,2; Yao，Can2; Ling，Huaxiang1; Li，Binbin2; Chen，Rongchang3; Shi，Fei2,3

2023-12-01

10.1186/s12879-023-08367-w

BMC Infectious Diseases   Impact Factor & Quartile

1471-2334

Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by spirochete “genus” leptospira. The clinical presentations of leptospirosis range from an influenza-like presentation of fever and myalgia, to severe forms. Leptospirosis can potentially lead to a misdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis when clinical similarities exist. Case presentation: A 63-year-old man presented with fever, shock and thrombocytopenia followed by diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage. Peripheral blood Metagenomic Next-generation Sequencing (mNGS) reported Leptospira interrogans. The patient was treated with piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) plus doxycycline and improved dramatically after 7 days. Conclusion: We conclude that leptospirosis can potentially lead to a misdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis. Correctly evaluation of thrombocytopenia in acute febrile illnesses facilitates the differential diagnosis of leptospirosis. mNGS can accurately detect Leptospira DNA during the early stage of the infection.

Acute febrile illnesses Differential diagnosis Leptospirosis Thrombocytopenia

SCI

English

Corresponding

Infectious Diseases

Infectious Diseases

WOS:001038276700003

BMC

IMMUNOLOGY

2-s2.0-85166057719

Scopus

1.The Second Clinical Medical College,Jinan University,Shenzhen,Guangdong,518020,China
2.Department of Infectious diseases,The Second Clinical Medical College,The First Affiliated Hospital,Shenzhen People’s Hospital,Jinan University,Southern University of Science and Technology),Shenzhen,Guangdong,518020,China
3.Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Diseases,Institute of Shenzhen Respiratory Diseases,The Second Clinical Medical College,The First Affiliated Hospital,Shenzhen People’s Hospital,Jinan University,Southern University of Science and Technology),Shenzhen,Guangdong,518020,China

Dai，Junjie,Yao，Can,Ling，Huaxiang,et al. A rare case of severe leptospirosis infection presenting as septic shock in a non-endemic area: a case report and literature review[J]. BMC Infectious Diseases,2023,23(1).

Dai，Junjie,Yao，Can,Ling，Huaxiang,Li，Binbin,Chen，Rongchang,&Shi，Fei.(2023).A rare case of severe leptospirosis infection presenting as septic shock in a non-endemic area: a case report and literature review.BMC Infectious Diseases,23(1).

Dai，Junjie,et al."A rare case of severe leptospirosis infection presenting as septic shock in a non-endemic area: a case report and literature review".BMC Infectious Diseases 23.1(2023).