Emission factors of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from ships in China*

Liang, Xuyang2,3; Wang, Lizhi1,4,5; Du, Wei6; Chen, Yuanchen7; Yun, Xiao4; Chen, Yilin2,3; Shen, Guofeng4; Shen, Huizhong2,3; Yang, Xin2,3; Tao, Shu2,3,4,8

2023-11-15

10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122483

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION   Impact Factor & Quartile

0269-7491

1873-6424

The rapid growth of maritime traffic, transportation, and fishery activities has increased shipping emissions and degraded the air quality in coastal areas. As a result, controlling ocean-based pollution sources have become increasingly important. This study investigated the real-world emission characteristics of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs, a group of highly toxic semi-volatile organic compounds) from five types of offshore ships using diesel oil: small and medium fishing ships, tug boats, ferry, and engineering ships, under various driving mode. Both gaseous and particle emission factors (EF) of four specific OPAHs were determined in our study. Among the OPAHs species emitted from ships, 9-fluorenone (9FO; 72%) and anthrathrace-9,10-quinone (ATQ; 25%) were the most abundant. The arithmetic mean of the sum of gaseous OPAHs EFs for all ships in this study was 2.5 +/- 4.4 mg/kg fuel burned, and the mean particulate OPAHs EF was 4.7 +/- 7.9 mg/kg. Small fishing ships had the highest total OPAHs EFs (31.0 +/- 17.0 mg/kg). Apart from small fishing ships, there was no significant difference in the total EF of OPAHs for the other four types of ships. The emissions of the four OPAHs are predominantly in the particulate phase. There were no significant differences in the emissions of the four OPAHs under different driving mode. According to estimates, the annual OPAH emissions from the four types of ships in Hainan in 2017 were approximately 4.2 (range: 2.7-7.0) tons, dwarfing the OPAH emissions from diesel-powered on-road vehicles in China (23.5 kg).

Oxygenate-PAHs Emission factor Ships Driving mode

SCI

English

First

National Natural Science Foundation of China[42192511] ; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks[ZDSYS20220606100604008] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China["41991312","41821005","41922057","41830641"] ; Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province["2021B1212050024","2020B1111360001"] ; Department of Education of Guangdong Province[2021KCXTD004] ; Energy Foundation[G-2111-33575] ; Ministry of Education of China[22JJD820013]

Environmental Sciences & Ecology

Environmental Sciences

WOS:001082073800001

ELSEVIER SCI LTD

ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGY

Web of Science

1.Hainan Univ, Coll Ecol & Environm, Haikou 570228, Peoples R China
2.Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Guangdong Prov Observat & Res Stn Coastal Atmosphe, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China
3.Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Shenzhen Key Lab Precis Measurement & Early Warnin, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China
4.Peking Univ, Sino French Inst Earth Syst Sci, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Lab Earth Surface Proc, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China
5.Hainan Univ, Key Lab Agroforestry Environm Proc & Ecol Regulat, Haikou 570228, Peoples R China
6.Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Environm Sci & Engn, Kunming 650500, Peoples R China
7.Zhejiang Univ Technol, Coll Environm, Res Ctr Environm Sci, Hangzhou 310032, Peoples R China
8.Peking Univ, Inst Carbon Neutral, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China

Liang, Xuyang,Wang, Lizhi,Du, Wei,et al. Emission factors of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from ships in China*[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION,2023,337.

Liang, Xuyang.,Wang, Lizhi.,Du, Wei.,Chen, Yuanchen.,Yun, Xiao.,...&Tao, Shu.(2023).Emission factors of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from ships in China*.ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION,337.

Liang, Xuyang,et al."Emission factors of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from ships in China*".ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 337(2023).