Near-source hypochlorous acid emissions from indoor bleach cleaning

Stubbs, Annastacia D.1; Lao, Melodie2; Wang, Chen3,5; Abbatt, Jonathan P. D.3; Hoffnagle, John4; VandenBoer, Trevor C.2; Kahan, Tara F.1

2023-01-25

10.1039/d2em00405d

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS   Impact Factor & Quartile

2050-7887

2050-7895

Cleaning surfaces with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) bleach can lead to high levels of gaseous chlorine (Cl-2) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl); these have high oxidative capacities and are linked to respiratory issues. We developed a novel spectral analysis procedure for a cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) analyzer to enable time-resolved (3 s) HOCl quantification. We measured HOCl levels in a residential bathroom while disinfecting a bathtub and sink, with a focus on spatial and temporal trends to improve our understanding of exposure risks during bleach use. Very high (>10 ppmv) HOCl levels were detected near the bathtub, with lower levels detected further away. Hypochlorous acid concentrations plateaued in the room at a level that depended on distance from the bathtub. This steady-state concentration was maintained until the product was removed by rinsing. Mobile experiments with the analyzer inlet secured to the researcher's face were conducted to mimic potential human exposure to bleach emissions. The findings from mobile experiments were consistent with the spatial and temporal trends observed in the experiments with fixed inlet locations. This work provides insight on effective strategies to reduce exposure risk to emissions from bleach and other cleaning products.

SCI

English

Others

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Chemistry of Indoor Environments (CIE) Program["G-2018-11062","G-2018-11051","G-2019-11404"] ; National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)["RGPIN-2019-04868","RGPIN-2020-06166","RGPIN-2017-05972"]

Chemistry ; Environmental Sciences & Ecology

Chemistry, Analytical ; Environmental Sciences

WOS:000907637700001

ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY

Web of Science

1.Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Chem, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
2.York Univ, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
3.Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
4.Picarro Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA
5.Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, Peoples R China

Stubbs, Annastacia D.,Lao, Melodie,Wang, Chen,et al. Near-source hypochlorous acid emissions from indoor bleach cleaning[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS,2023,25(1).

Stubbs, Annastacia D..,Lao, Melodie.,Wang, Chen.,Abbatt, Jonathan P. D..,Hoffnagle, John.,...&Kahan, Tara F..(2023).Near-source hypochlorous acid emissions from indoor bleach cleaning.ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS,25(1).

Stubbs, Annastacia D.,et al."Near-source hypochlorous acid emissions from indoor bleach cleaning".ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS 25.1(2023).